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injury. Limitations: ICG fluorescence is primarily limited to visualizing structures near the surface (extrahepatic biliary tree), and its effectiveness depends on liver function. ICG has been widely adopted in both laparoscopic and...

and 1% in the liver.71 As a guiding principle, BAs found in the liver are strongly conjugated. Those within the biliary tree, small intestine, and systemic circulation are moderately conjugated, while large fractions of free BAs are...

Hemngioma. 2. Both pelvic vein dilatation. --> R/O Pelvic congetion syndrome. 3. No definite abnormality of GB, biliary tree, pancreas, spleen and both kidneys. No abnormal bowel wall thickening or fluid collection. Conclusion: Hepatic...

high levels of melatonin in bile [93] where it is believed to protect the cholangiocytes that line the biliary tree from toxic bile salts [94,95]. There is also evidence that melatonin in the bile reduces the incidence of gallstone...