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tightly controlled form of cell death that involves characteristic morphological features, such as cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing, nuclear fragmentation, and apoptotic body formation. B The two signaling...

effect, including genes associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, cell cycle regulation, and chromatin modification [188]. It is essential to point out that nicotine only protects against ongoing degeneration rather than restore...

important groups of “hills” have been characterized in these studies, including genes involved in DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, and axon guidance, some of which delineate clinically important groups that respond to specific...

emerges as a central switch that allows interconversion between permissive (via acetylation) and repressive chromatin structures (via deacetylation). Histone acetylation, which takes place on the epsilon amino groups of lysine residues...