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diminished cortical grey matter and impaired emotional decision making [37, 38]. This observation has been expanded to other chronic pain states including chronic osteoarthritis pain [35, 36]. 통증 경로 개요: 조직을 손상시킬 수 있는 사건...

in cortical and subcortical regions, which are shown in relation to specific neuropsychological results. Similarly, although the involvement of different neurotransmitter systems is controversial, data about neurochemical alterations...

temporal cortical regions of PD patients.90,91 The presence of reactive microglia, positively stained for the major histocompatibility complex class II antigen, tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 has also been...

in cortical layer V towards semaphorin-3A (Sema3a).[7] Whereas the axons of pyramidal cells are repelled by Sema3a, the apical dendrites are attracted to it. The attraction is mediated by the increased levels of soluble guanylate cyclase...

causing disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and neurovascular units, usually in hemispheric white matter (Iadecola, 2013). Other diseases may also contribute to development of dementia. Such diseases include metabolic disorders...

Notably, disruption of brain energy metabolism with reduced glucose consumption, increased central insulin resistance, and impaired mitochondrial function have been linked to the mechanisms leading to neuroinflammatory and age-related...

in cortical neurons causing a reduction in stimulation-induced mitochondrial Ca2+ levels (Patron et al., 2019). Furthermore, the presynaptic MICU3-dependent increase in Ca2+ sensitivity allows MCU to open without Ca2+ release from ER and...

enhancement 및 diffusion restriction을 보이는 mass가 관찰되며 이는 metastasis로 판단됨. 이중 큰 lesion은 cortical disruption을 동반하고 있음. Left sacral ala에도 T1Wl에서 low signal intensity를 보이는 lesion이 focal하게 관찰되나 이는...

from cribriform plate fractures or closed head injury (from nerve disruption or shearing forces), or difficulties in olfactory discrimination caused by closed head injury and cortical trauma. Although some patients have detectable...