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ultrastructurally characterized by a small piriform, spindle or triangular cell body (containing a small amount of cytoplasm and nucleus) and extremely long and thin cellular prolongations with uneven caliber, named Tps (extending about...

of the multiple openings between phagophore ‘fingers’ that enables sequestration of their substrates from the cytoplasm is mediated by the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) complex48. When this step is blocked...

which interact and activate RyRs leading to Ca2+ release [33]. Furthermore, Ca2+ can leak from the ER into the cytoplasm only to be pumped back into the ER via sarcoendoplasmic reticular Ca2+ ATPases (SERCAs), or can enter the cell from...

fatty acid oxidation are oxygen dependent and take place in the mitochondria, while utilizing substrates taken up from the cytoplasm. Glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), amino acid metabolism and fatty acid synthesis are...

기능 규명. Autophagy & Cvt pathway Ohsumi (2016 Nobel) — atg mutants 스크리닝으로 autophagy core machinery 규명. Cvt (cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting) pathway는 selective autophagy의 prototype. Early secretory pathway (ER exit site 포함...

for a lack of ATP production when hypoxia inhibits the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Specifically, glucose in the cytoplasm is converted to pyruvate through a series of classic catalytic reactions; pyruvate does not enter mitochondria...

moves across the root cortex via the apoplast (cell walls and intercellular spaces) and symplast (through the cell cytoplasm via plasmodesmata) pathways. 수용성 색소와 물은 아포플라스트( 세포벽과 세포 간 공간을 통한)와 심플라스트( 플라...

inner pyramidal, and polymorphic layers. Pyramidal cells have open-face nuclei, lengthy apical dendrites, and basophilic cytoplasm. Spherical granular cells featured large vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli and homogenous...

notable that many glycolytic enzymes, formerly known to exclusively function in glycolytic metabolic events in the cytoplasm or mitochondria, have now been shown to regulate transcription and translation [86, 91]. Indeed, numerous...