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the expression of PGC-1α [45]. The downregulated expression and activity of CCO cause stiff cardiomyocyte fibers, increased glycogen and lipid droplets, and dysfunctional cardiac tissue, resulting in fatal heart disease [42, 46]. ATP...

scanning electron microscope (SEM, FEI Quanta 200, the Netherlands). The diameters of the compositional fibers of each TES were calculated by using Adobe Photoshop CS program (Adobe Systems, Inc., CA, USA) from five SEM images. The...

Manual Acupuncture Needle Stimulation of the Rat Hindlimb Activates Groups I, II, III and IV Single Afferent Nerve Fibers in the Dorsal Spinal Roots. The Japanese Journal of Physiology, 55, 149-155. https://doi.org/10.2170/jjphysiol...

0028-3886.108021 Open Metrics Sir, Spinal accessory nerve (SAN) palsy is an uncommon pure motor mononeuropathy. Fibers of the spinal branch of the SAN innervate the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.[1] We present a case with SAN...

by intermittent, repetitive, involuntary contractions of the orbital and preseptal orbcularis oculi muscle fibers, which can result in narrowing of the palpebral fissure or complete closure of the eyelid. These spasms of eye closure...

cord, brainstem, and brain via primary spinal and vagal afferents, and postganglionic sympathetic and vagal efferent fibers [58, 59]. Although the ENS is capable of regulating all GI functions without input from the CNS, the CNS (brain...

때 중요한 역할을 한다. 2. 센트로미어: 센트로미어는 염색체의 중심부에 위치한 지역으로, 염색체 분리 및 미세소관(spindle fibers)과의 결합에 중요한 역할을 한다. 3. 텔로미어: 염색체의 끝에 위치한 텔로미어는 염색체의 안정성을 유지하는 역할을...

integrity (Table 1). Primary afferents that respond to tissue injury (i.e., nociceptors) include unmyelinated C-fibers and myelinated Aδ-fibers that terminate in skin, muscle, joint, and visceral organs, with their cell bodies located...

center, Gilan, Iran) were boiled in 0.02 M Na2CO3 (Merck, Germany) aqueous solution for 30 min. The resulting fibers were rinsed three times with deionized water to remove sericin protein. After drying overnight at room temperature, the...