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to be associated with the menstrual cycle, with higher DAO activity measured during the luteal phase compared to the follicular phase [14]. Painful menstruation may be associated with increased sensitivity to histamine. Administration of...

T follicular helper cells induce somatic hypermutation in germinal centre B cells and direct them to differentiate into high-affinity short-lived and high-affinity long-lived plasma cells and into T-bet– or T-bet+ memory B cells4,12...

Treg, follicular helper T (Tfh), Th17, Th9, Th22, and CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), etc.77 Here, we will introduce six major Th subsets and the regulatory pathways of their differentiation (Fig. 2). Fig. 2 Cytokine signalings...

and follicular keratinocytes are considered as the three key factors involved in the development of acne. Firstly, the excessive production of sebum from sebaceous glands blocks the hair follicles [55], leading to a relatively enclosed...