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various diseases, most of which were risk factors associated with AVNFH. Our analysis shows elevated homocysteine, hypoxia, coagulation, Osteoclast differentiation and endochondral ossification as the major pathways associated with...

of chemokines, cytokines and growth factors, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, hypoxia and inflammation37. These mechanisms are interrelated, with oxidative stress representing an important component of...

acetyl-CoA (Fig. 2). It would therefore be expected that in conditions where PDH activity is lower, which includes hypoxia, increased alanine synthesis may be observed. However, recent evidence suggesting that ALAT activity is important...

overload (Li et al., 2012; Bai et al., 2016) Taurine loss during ischemia-reperfusion protects heart by reducing hypoxia-induced Ca2+ overload (Schaffer et al., 2002) Taurine depletion leads to cardiomyopathy due to reduced activity of...