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progressively augmented during the first weeks of life (3), is crucial in the development of the gut immune system (4) and results in protective effects against enteric pathogens and possibly against allergic diseases (5). Conventional...

resident microbiota; (2) enhancement of epithelial barrier functions; (3) modulation of local and systemic immune responses; (4) modulation of systemic metabolic responses; and (5) systemic signalling via the nervous system. Some...

also induces epigenetic changes in the IL-4 promoter in the offspring, which is associated with Th2 immune response (production of IL-4 and IgE).113 In a study of identical monozygotic (MZ) twins, the distance between peanut allergy and...

recently published in a human atlas integrating scRNAseq and spatial transcriptomic data from 9 immune organs collected pre-natally between 4 and 17 weeks post-conception [31]. This report confirmed that T cell progenitor cells are only...

20160205_Effects of Stress_(negative stress~your immune system)_4.wav

Such differences in manifestations of IBS would help to explain the heterogeneity reported regarding immune activation profiles in the literature [4]. A more recent study demonstrated localised responses to injection of food antigens in...

turn, involves multiple cell types such as intestinal epithelial cells, innate immune cells as well as adaptive immune cells [4,5]. Meanwhile, in the immune cells, two key transcription factors, Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) and NF-E2p...

in combination with co-stimulatory signalling or in combination with T cell help to induce a T cell-dependent immune response4 (Fig. 1). The products of T cell-dependent immune responses are differentiated B cell subsets such as memory B...