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hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and superoxide and the inability or reduced ability of biological systems to inactivate/destroy these products through direct and indirect antioxidant mechanisms [25]. It may be classified according to...

their solubilization and permeabilization, which results in the disintegration of viral particles. This mechanism can inactivate various enveloped viruses, particularly herpes and retroviruses [34]. Another potential antiviral mechanism...

Knox et al.[40] first noted that HClO is a sulfhydryl inhibitor that, in sufficient quantity, could completely inactivate proteins containing sulfhydryl groups. This is because HClO oxidises sulfhydryl groups, leading to the formation of...

it could be partially hydrogenated, but this leads to unhealthy trans-fats77,78. Calyxt edited the soy genome to inactivate two fatty acid desaturase genes that reduce the production of the unstable linoleic acid77. The deletions yield...

of the plasma membrane by the action of flippases. When cells undergo apoptosis, caspase cleaves flippases to inactivate them, while it cleaves pro-scramblases to active scramblases, which quickly translocate PtdSer to the cell surface...

period when it would normally occur7,19. This failure to provide rhythmic drive can be accompanied by a failure to inactivate the antagonistic set of motoneurons, resulting in their sustained firing9. Here, we describe rare motor...

section lists some of the likely options, it is not an exhaustive list of available treatments that could inactivate microorganisms. Inactivation Thermal processing is likely to be used in many instances to inactivate microorganisms, as...

PRRs triggers innate immune responses, resulting in the secretion of antimicrobial peptides that can rapidly kill and inactivate a diverse range of microorganisms, including fungi, bacteria and parasites. As a first line of defence...

from CeD patients, processes gluten to T cell reactive epitopes whereas bacterial species from healthy controls inactivate these reactive epitopes by further proteolytic breakdown (65). Second, and more relevant in the context of T cell...