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to produce inflammasome-independent IL-1β to cause autoimmunity8. A distinct tissue-resident population of TNF-producing CD4+ T cells promotes mucosal development and mediates inflammation in necrotizing enterocolitis9. In RA, T cells...

This inherent ability of these cells to produce various antimicrobial substances is essential for protecting the mucosal tissue and the underlying gut stem cells [49]. By actively producing these defensive agents, these cells help...

epithelial mucosal surfaces. Since the VN meanders and extends branches to multiple tissues and organs, its role in health is im mense, regulating homeostasis by connecting 3 interwoven systems—the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems...

airway mucosal biopsy specimen from human [19] Omalizumab Monoclonal antibodies IgE FDA-approved drug [20] Ligelizumab IgE clinical trials Dupilumab interleukin signaling FDA-approved drug MTPS9579A tryptase clinical trials CDX-0159 c...