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12] and in the TLF [10,23,24,25]. In any case, the absence of corpuscles does not imply that the TLF does not have a proprioceptive role, as polymodal receptors can assume this role. On the other hand, these corpuscles are observed in...

ligament injury. Freeman et al16,17 first described functional instability in 1965 when they attributed CAI to proprioceptive deficits after ligament injury. A more recent definition of functional instability is the occurrence of...

60% of subjects.49–52 Anatomic studies have demonstrated that the lateral branches which provide nociceptive and proprioceptive input from the SI joints vary in number, location, level and also between patients,51 hence conventional RF...

joint capsule and 3 in adjacent muscles (13). Twenty-eight of these units were classified as nociceptive and 1 as proprioceptive. Among these 29 receptive fields, 16 were located in the proximal third of the posterior SI joint and 11 in...