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and interleukin (IL)-6 has also been found in the SN and putamen of idiopathic PD patients.92 Once reactive, astrocytes and microglia change their morphology and acquire novel functions, producing and responding to anti-/pro-inflammatory...

climate change (e.g., heat stress, drought, UV radiation, and O3) [24], and herbivore and pathogen attacks [25,26]. Based on a biosynthetic pathway and chemical structure, PSMs have broadly been categorized into three major groups: (i...

179 Reactive oxygen species - Muscle180 SPARC - Muscle63,181 SDC4 - Muscle104 TGFβ1 - Muscle182 Paracrine effects Adiponectin Adipose tissue Muscle58 Angiopoietin 1 Vascular smooth muscle Vasculature47 BAIBA Muscle WAT55, bone59 BDNF...

ROS, reactive oxygen species; TFAM, transcription factor A; ΔΨ, membrane potential. Exerkines Exerkines are defined, broadly, as the secretory factors from any organ in response to physical activity (32). The concept of physical...

non-reactive observation5. This is sometimes referred to as open monitoring meditation which also includes Zen meditation, which focuses on regulating attention. MBSR is a structured programme developed by Kabat-Zinn6 where participants...

non-reactive image. In particular, the object of desire clearly reveals the physical structure by erasing the sense of volume and shadow from the morphological structure. This is an analysis of an invisible object as a gaze, and the form...

self-reactive T cells. The mTECs play a crucial role in supporting the later stages of thymocyte development and in particular a specialized subset of mTECs mediate the negative selection process, through the expression of tissue...

a change in stool form or frequency1,2. The pathophysiology of visceral pain is incompletely understood, but it is well established that it involves disordered communication between the gut and the brain, leading to motility disturbances...

either reactive lymphocytes or regulatory T cells (Treg). Oral tolerance exists in order to prevent redundant and excessive immune responses to common food antigens and intestinal flora [21]. Ingested food proteins undergo a rigorous...