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transports Cu+ to participate in various physiologic processes such as oxidation, protein synthesis, and protein secretion [18]. CCS can transfer Cu+ to superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and function in an anti-oxidative-stress role [19]. A...

plasma lipid profiles are poorly understood. Proposed mechanisms of action include the following: increased bile acid secretion,60 direct action on estrogen receptors,64 inhibition of endogenous cholesterol synthesis,65 up-regulation of...

palate, deviation of the uvula, dysphagia, hypoesthesia of the posterior third of the tongue, reduced parotid gland secretion, loss of gag reflex, and weakness of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. Jugular-foramen-syndrome is...

of humoral factors mediating the benefit of exercise has long been recognized. A prime example is lactic acid; its secretion from skeletal muscle was identified over 100 years ago12. In 1961, Goldstein speculated about the existence of a...

acetoacetate by the liver. The metabolic demands of exercise have a potent effect on increasing BHB synthesis and secretion from the liver. BHB passes through the BBB and accumulates in the hippocampus, increasing the histone acetylation...

GI) disorders (FGIDs). Its role in modulating important physiological processes such as GI motility and secretion, maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity, and its role in communication between the gut and the central nervous system...

of circulating natural killer cells in treated patients when compared with age-matched controls30 and induced the secretion of specific IgA36,37,38 in a group of ten healthy volunteers, suggesting some potential in the treatment of...

and leukotrienes), promotes arteriole dilation and vascular permeability, and causes pruritus, runny nose, mucus secretion, and pulmonary smooth muscle contraction.8 Over the next 4–8 hours, the released mediators and cytokines induce...

system abnormalities reported in IBS Gastrointestinal  Altered intestinal motility and transit time  Altered fluid secretion/absorption  Hypersensitivity of visceral afferents  Altered mucus layer Gut microenvironment  Altered microbiome...