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neurons; the adrenal medulla develops in tandem with the sympathetic nervous system and acts as a modified sympathetic ganglion. Within this endocrine gland, pre-ganglionic neurons synapse with chromaffin cells, triggering the release of...

inferior ganglion, and then pass the jugular foramen to ascend to the tractus solitarius and synapse with the nucleus solitarius.[1,2] Hiccups are due to a brief contraction of the inspiratory muscles plus a glottis adduction of the...

with decreased vagal tone, rather than increased sympathetic tone142. The reduced antinociceptive role of the vagus...with corticosterone-induced increased excitability of dorsal root ganglion neurons, as observed in rats159, could be...

the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) (Fig. S1). Sensory nerves extend from their cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) of the spinal cord, and cranial bone is innervated by sensory...