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aging, we must define it precisely. Despite numerous theories, no consensus exists62,63, except that aging ultimately manifests as a demographic phenomenon through population-level survival curves. Here, we adopt a working definition of...

and Go Jumong—and traces the inheritance of the Kurultai governance system to the later Mongol and Mughal Empires. . Ultimately, this paper provides a groundbreaking paradigm shift in Eurasian ancient history, restoring the historical...

a profound ideological split within the Reformation itself. Martin Luther, initially a source of inspiration, ultimately sided with secular authorities in the name of order, while Thomas Müntzer embraced apocalyptic revolution and armed...

inevitably face the reality of their own structural contradictions—just as an ice dam submerged in water must ultimately yield to the laws of physics. May the burdens you have borne serve as the enduring foundation for the historical...